UK Air Gun Laws – What You Need to Know

Air gun laws in the UK are designed to ensure safe, responsible ownership while still allowing enthusiasts to enjoy their sport. Whether you already own an air gun or are thinking of buying one, it’s important to understand the rules that apply in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, as they are not all the same. This guide offers a clear overview of the main laws, helping you stay compliant and confident when using your equipment.

Minimum Age Requirements

  • Under 14 – A young person may use an air gun under the supervision of someone aged 21 or older. They cannot own or purchase one.
  • 14–17 years old – They may use and possess an air gun, but cannot purchase an air gun, ammunition, or accessories. They must have appropriate permission from the landowner to shoot.
  • 18 and over – Adults may legally buy, own and use an air gun and ammunition, provided all other laws are followed.

Do You Need a Licence?

This depends on where you live:

England & Wales

You do not need a licence for most standard (sub-12 ft/lb rifle and sub-6 ft/lb pistol) air guns.
A licence is required if your air gun exceeds these power limits, as it is legally classed as a Section 1 firearm.

Scotland

All air gun owners must hold a Scottish Air Weapon Certificate, regardless of power level.

Northern Ireland

All air guns, regardless of power, require a firearms certificate.

Power Limits

The legal power thresholds in the UK are:

  • Air rifles: maximum of 12 ft/lb
  • Air pistols: maximum of 6 ft/lb

Any air gun that exceeds these limits becomes a firearm in the eyes of the law, and requires a firearms certificate. Modifying an air gun to exceed these limits without a licence is a criminal offence.

Where You Can Legally Shoot

  • Private land – You may shoot on private land with the landowner’s permission.
  • Your own garden – This is allowed, as long as pellets do not leave your boundary.
  • Public land – Shooting on public land, parks, footpaths, woodland or countryside is illegal, unless the land is formally approved and permission is granted.

You must also ensure your shooting area is safe, with a solid backstop and no risk to people, animals or property.

Transporting an Air Gun

When transporting an air gun:

  • Keep it unloaded and ideally in a secure case.
  • Store ammunition separately where possible.
  • Go directly to and from a shooting location or private premises.

Walking around with an uncased or visible air gun, even if it is unloaded, can be considered an offence and may lead to police action.

Storing Your Air Gun Safely

The law requires owners to take reasonable precautions to prevent under-18s from accessing an air gun.

Recommended safe storage practices include:

  • Using a locked cabinet, cupboard or gun safe
  • Keeping the gun out of sight
  • Separating ammunition
  • Using a cable lock or trigger lock for extra security

While not all UK regions legally require a gun safe for sub-12 ft/lb air rifles, secure storage is strongly advised.

Buying and Selling Air Guns

  • Sales must be carried out face to face.
  • Online purchases may be made, but the final handover must occur in person, either at the retailer or a registered broker.
  • Mail order direct-to-home delivery of air guns is prohibited.

A buyer must be 18+ and provide proof of age.

Using an Air Gun Safely and Legally

Even when used on private property, you must ensure that:

  • Pellets never travel beyond the boundary
  • No person, pet, or property is endangered
  • Noise and disturbance are kept to reasonable levels
  • You follow general safety principles at all times

Misuse of an air gun can lead to serious penalties, including fines, confiscation, and potential criminal charges.

Final Note

Air gun laws can change, and requirements differ around the UK. This guide offers a clear, practical overview, but owners should always check the most up-to-date information and seek clarification where needed. At Solware, we are always happy to offer guidance to help you enjoy the hobby safely, responsibly and confidently.